Gyratory or cone crusher with a crusher cone including a core and a mantle



AL 3,477,651 RUSHER CONE INCLUDING TLE Nov. 11. 1969 H. DECKER ET GYRATORY OR CONE CRUSHER WITH A CORE AND A l 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 31, 1967 I /-vE/v TOR$ 1969 .DECKER ETAL 3,477,651

; GYRA'IORYDR CONE SHER WITH A CRUSHER CONE INCLUDING A CORE AND A MANTLB Filed Aug. 31, 196'. v 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 United States Patent Cl. 241-493 9 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Crusher cone in a gyratory or cone crusher has a core with a conical outer surface a mantle with a conical inner surface, and means for fastening the mantle onto the core with the respective surfaces mutually adjacent, the conical outer surface of the core having an apex angle greater than the apex angle of the inner conical surface of the mantle, and the fastening means being adopted to stress the mantle so as to reduce the apex angle of the inner conical surface thereof and effect mutual abutting engagement of the inner conical surface of the mantle and the outer conical surface of the core.

Our invention relates to gyratory or cone crusher having a crusher cone or breaking head which includes a conical core and a conical mantle associated thereto and secured thereon by means of a fastening member.

It is well known that the crusher cone or breaking head of a gyratory or cone crusher is subject to marked stresses. Consequently, the crusher cone is generally provided with a mantle of wear-resistant material, preferably manganesehardened steel, which is secured on the core of the crusher cone or breaking head, for example by means of a nut threaded on the apex of the core. It has accordingly been necessary to mount the core and mantle in an abutting relationship to one another which will be maintained during the operation of the gyratory or cone crusher. Maintenance of engagement between the conical core and mantle at the lower portions thereof, that is, the portions thereof having the largest diameter and subjected to the greatest stresses is of particular importance. Operational failure and damage are virtually unavoidable consequences of a defective or imperfect abutting engagement of these maximum-diameter portions of the crusher cone core and mantle. There is particularly great danger of failure and damage in the case where the crusher cones are of the flat and relatively squat type such as are employed, for example, in specific embodiments of gyratory or cone crushers used for relatively fine crushing.

Various methods are known whose objective is the production of an abutting relationship between core and mantle which resists all stresses applied to the crusher cone. Of these methods, one need only consider those which permit the installation of the crusher cone mantle at the operating location of the gyratory or cone crusher, i.e. in situ, and which therefore for economic reasons alone are almost exclusively used in actual practice.

It is known that the mutual bearing surfaces of the conical core and the conical mantle, by using suitable gauges or jigs, are machined so accurately (by turning or grinding), that exactly matching and interchangeable parts are produced which are installable in the gyratory or cone crusher. Unfortunately, although it has been found in practice that this painstakingly accurate machining was able to provide mutual bearing surface abutment between the core and mantle members that was initially good, in a relatively short time the members tend to separate from each 3,477,651 Patented Nov. 11, 1969 other so that the crusher cone mantle can thereby not be assured an adequate operational lifespan.

The foregoing is particularly true for the previously mentioned flat crusher cones. It has been found that in the case of such fiat crusher cones especially, the lower portion of the crusher cone mantle, particularly, tends to roll around on and lift itself from the core due to the pummeling and thrashing stresses imposed thereon. This is increased even further by the characteristic of manganese steels to grow or expand under the operational stresses imposed thereon. In addition thereto, the heat produced in the bearing or suspension system of the crusher cone and by the crushing process per se during the operation of the gyratory or cone crusher is transmitted to the conical core and the conical mantle. Since the base member or core of the gyratory or cone crusher is conventionally made of carbon steel or cast steel, whereas the mantle consists of manganese steel, the core and the mantle expand at different rates. The coeflicient of expansion for manganese steel is 1.5 times as much as that for ordinary or cast steel so that the different thermal expansion of the core and the mantle thereby promotes the lifting of the mantle away from the core. If the mantle should just begin to roll off or lift from the core, particularly in the region of the greatest diameter thereof, the application of a restoring force to the mantle or tightening of the crusher cone nut, if at all possible, will have little or no effect for bringing the mantle back into abutment with the core in that region.

Experiments for obtaining a lasting abutment or bearing between the core and mantle members by heating the conical mantle and shrink-fitting it on the core and thereby prestressing the conical mantle have, it is true, provided an improvement but nevertheless have not afforded a sufficiently satisfactory solution of the aforementioned problem. Furthermore, means for heating the mantle at the operating location of the gyratory or core crusher are for the most part not available or are of limited availability.

A method is furthermore known whereby the conical mantle and core are so formed that, when they are assembled, an interspace remains between both members which can be filled, for example, by pouring a synthetic or plastic mixture therein. The plastic mixture is hardenable into a swelled-up intermediate layer which, however, does not permit tightening of the mantle nor afford any possibility of prestressing the mantle, as is possible with the mantle structure of the invention in this application.

It is also particularly noteworthy that a lining of plastic material does not by far permit surface pressure applications thereto that are as high as those able to be sustained by a layer of steel on steel which alfords full exploitation of the crushing blows of the gyratory or cone crusher. Also, the processing of hot material in the gyratory crusher to provide a lining of plastic material is restricted because the plastic material lining has only a limited thermal stability at temperatures exceeding C. The employment of various mixtures and additives for achieving a higher thermal stability renders the preparation of the intermediate layer of plastic material at the assembly location of the cone crusher even more difiicult.

It is accordingly an object of our invention to provide a gyratory or cone crusher with a crusher cone including a core and a mantle that avoides the aforementioned disadvantages of the heretofore known gyratory or cone crushers. More specifically, it is an object of our invention to provide a conical mantle and conical core of such construction that the hearing or abutment surface between the mantle and the core is not impaired by operational stresses imposed especially on the mantle material.

-.With the foregoing and other objects in view, we accordingly provide the gyratory or cone crusher with a core having an outer conical surface formed with an apex angle that is greater than the apex angle of the inner conical surface of the mantle before the mantle is fastened onto the core. The apex angle is conventionally known as the cone angle. In the case where the outer conical surface of the core and the inner conical surface of the mantle have approximately the same base diameter,"before tightening the member fastening the core and the mantle to one another the inner conical surface of the mantle when the mantle is placed upon the core only engages the outer conical surface of the core in the region of the largest diameter thereof. In order to produce abutting engagement or hearing extending over the complete height or length of the adjacent conical surfaces, it is expedient to make use of a fastening member for the mantle such as, for example, a nut threadedly mounted at the apex of the core. By tightening the fastening member or nut, the conical mantle is pressed downwardly on the core. The nut may be tightened just so much initially, for example, so that two thirds of the conical surfaces is in abutting engagement with one another and, after a specific period of operation of the gyratory or cone crusher, the core and the mantle can be made to abut one another completely over their mutually adjacent conical surfaces by further tightening the nut.

Other features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in the appended claims.

Although the invention is illustrated and described herein as embodied in gyratory or cone crusher having a crusher cone including a core and a mantle, it is nevertheless not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims.

The construction and method of operation of the invention, however, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through a portion of a gyratory or cone crusher constructed in accordance with our invention showing the relative position of the conical mantle and core before the fastening nut has been tightened;

FIG. 2 is another view of FIG. 1 showing a phase of the assembly wherein the nut is fully tightened on the crusher cone;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged diagrammatic sectional view of a portion of the conical walls of the core and the mantle showing the relative positions of the core and the mantle to one another before the nut has been tightened;

FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrammatic views of' modifications of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 wherein the conical flank of the inner surface of the mantle is formed with an angular bend and an arcuate bend, respectively; and

FIGS. 6 and 7 are sectional views of two different embodiments of the mantle of FIGS. 1 and 2.

Referring now to the drawings and first particularly to FIG. 1 thereof, there is shown a mantle 2 having an inner conical surface with an apex or cone angle ,8 mounted on a core 1 having an outer conical surface with an apex or cone angle a which is larger than the angle 5 of the conical inner surface of the mantle 2. A cylindrical projection 3 at the apex of the core 1 extends through an opening provided in the apex of the conical mantle 2 and is formed with a thread extending from the free end thereof over approximately half the length thereof. This thread serves for receiving a nut 4 by means of which the mantle 2 is fastened to the core 1 through the intermediary of a connecting member 5, substantially in the shape of a washer. The cone crusher or gyratory crusher has an outer wall 6 defining with the mantle 2 a crusher space and gape therebetween for receiving material to becrushed.

Before the nut 4 is tightened on the threaded projection 3, the mantle 2, as shown particularly in FIG. 3, is in abutting engagement with the core 1 only in the vicinity of its largest diameterfiThe' abutting surface'of the adjacent conical members increases and extends over the entire'height'or length thereof as the nut is tightened' Although it is one of-the advantages of the invention of our application to beable to assemble the mantle '2 uponthe core 1 without preheating, there is no objection 'to the preheating thereof because the adjustment of the surfaces to abut one another will thereby require less expenditure of force and the axial pressure produced due to the abutment -of the surfaces will be smaller.

The angular difference 7 (FIG. 3) between the apex angles a and B and the distance s to be filled in between the conical surfaces depend, according to the circumstances, upon the permissible stresses to which the material of the mantle can be subjected, and, if necessary,

taking into account an allowance for the longitudinal and transverse shrinkage of the mantle material. For a typical gyratory or core core crusher for fine crushing, with a coreh'aving a conical angle a of about a maximum outer diameter of about 800 mm. and a minimum outer diameter of about 300 mm., the dimensions is for example, about 1.5 mm. and the angular difference 7 is about 10 minutes of angle. The steel connecting member 5 can be replaced by an elastic connecting member so that the conical mantle can be resiliently maintained under an elastic prestressed condition and can be selftightening within specific limits. Instead of effecting a fit of each of the two conical surfaces extending over the entire height or length thereof, it is sufiicient for the most part also to limit the fitto crosspieces and/or rings. These crosspieces or rings are formed as wall projections and extend spaced from one another over the entire height or length of the conical surfaces and substantially follow the conical outline thereof. In'FIG. 6 the mantle 2 is provided with longitudinally extending crosspieces 7 following a substantially conical outline. In FIG. 7,'

the mantle 2 is provided withcoaxial ring projections 8 also following a substantially conical outline.

It can 'be advantageous to form the inner surface of the mantle with angular bent conical flanks such as is shown in an enlarged partial cross section of the embodiment in FIG. 4, since the abutment of conical surfaces of the mantle and the core in the vicinity of the smallest' diameter thereof is not absolutely necessary, whereby a' saving can be effected in the amount of machining neces'-' sary for the conical flanks.

Moreover, such a flank shape permits better cushioning of the mantle and, within specific limits, an automatic tightening thereof against the core. Instead of employing an angularly bent conical flank of the inner surface of the mantle, the flank can also have an arcuate bent'shape as shown by the embodiment of FIG. 5.

Instead of fastening the mantle with a nut as shown in FIG. 1 and 2, other fastening members can also be employed such as, for example, hydraulically actuated members, known per se.

We claim:

1. In a gyratory or cone crusher, a crusher cone comprising a core having a substantially conical outer surface, a mantle having a substantially conical inner surface,

and means for fastening said mantle onto said core with said respective surfaces mutually adjacent, said substantially conical outer surface of said core having an apex angle greater than the apex angle of said substantially conical inner surface of said mantle, and said fastening means being adapted to stress said mantle so as to reduce the apex angle of said substantially conical inner surface thereof and eifect mutual abutting engagement of said substantially conical inner surface of said mantle and said substantially conical outer surface of said core.

2. In a crusher according to claim 1, said core having a threaded projection at the apex thereof, extending through an opening formed at the apex of said mantle, and said fastening means comprising a nut threadedly mounted on said projection in stress-transmitting relationship with said mantle, whereby the mutually adjacent substantially conical surfaces of said core and said mantle are capable of being brought into mutually abutting engagement over a varying portion of the length thereof by adjustably tightening said nut.

3. In a crusher according to claim 1 at least one of said mutually adjacent substantially conical surfaces being formed of crosspieces following a substantially conical outline and extending substantially along the entire length of the area in abutment between said surfaces.

4. In a crusher according to claim '1, at least one of said mutually adjacent substantially conical surfaces being formed of annular projections following a substantially conical outline and extending substantially coaxially along the entire length of the area in abutment between said surfaces.

5. In a crusher according to claim 1, the inner substantially conical surface of said mantle being formed with a lbend.

'6. In a crusher according to claim 5, said bend being angular.

7. In a crusher according to claim 5, said bend being arcuate. s

8. In a crusher according to claim 1, including an elastic connecting member disposed intermediate said fastening means and said mantle.

9. In a crusher according to claim 1, including a steel connecting member disposed intermediate said fastening means and said mantle.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,931,633 10/1933 Symons 24l293 2,553,987 5/1951 Stevens 241293 X 2,883,218 4/1959 Rou-bal 241-293 X FRANK T. YOST, Primary Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 241--300 

